Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Development and evaluation of an inhalable nanoemulsion system for enhancing NK cell function against osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1772375
Figure Lengend Snippet: Combination SIS3-VAP–DAC nanoemulsion with adoptive NK-92 cell therapy reduces pulmonary osteosarcoma metastases in vivo without systemic toxicity. (A) Representative bioluminescence images of mice from each treatment group at week 1 of dosing. (B) Chest-region bioluminescence ROI values at week 1 across treatment groups. Box and whisker plots display quantitative ROI measurements from the chest area of individual mice, with the middle line indicating the median value. Data represent pulmonary tumor burden after one week of treatment. Whiskers represent data within 1.5 times the interquartile range. (C) Representative bioluminescence images of mice from each treatment group at week 2 of dosing. (D) Chest-region bioluminescence ROI values at week 2 across treatment groups. Box and whisker plots display quantitative ROI measurements from the chest area of individual mice, with the middle line indicating the median value. Data represent pulmonary tumor burden after two weeks of treatment. Whiskers represent data within 1.5 times the interquartile range. (E) Representative bioluminescence images of mice from each treatment group at week 3 of dosing. (F) Chest-region bioluminescence ROI values at week 3 across treatment groups. Box and whisker plots display quantitative ROI measurements from the chest area of individual mice, with the middle line indicating the median value. Data represent pulmonary tumor burden after three weeks of treatment. Whiskers represent data within 1.5 times the interquartile range. At weeks 2 and 3 (D, F) , asterisks denote statistically significant differences between NE7 and the control group by Kruskal–Wallis non−parametric analysis of variance followed by Dunn’s post hoc test (*: p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). No significant differences were detected at week 1 (B) . (G) Percentage change in mean body weight over time for control and nanoemulsion-treated mice (NE5-NE7) following MG63 cancer cell injection. Error bars represent ± SD of the percentage changes from baseline at each timepoint. (H) Summed clinical scores in control and nanoemulsion-treated mice (NE5-NE7) over 49 days after MG63 cancer cell injection. Points at zero indicate no observable adverse clinical signs.
Article Snippet: Recombinant human (rh)IL-2 and rhIL-15 were obtained from the Biological Resources Branch (National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD) and recombinant murine IL-15 was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). hSAEC primary small airway epithelial cells (Cat #PCS-301-010), NK-92 human NK cell lymphoma (Cat #CRL-2407), MG63 human osteosarcoma (Cat #CRL-1427), and K7M2 murine osteosarcoma (Cat #CRL-2836) cell lines were all obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA).
Techniques: In Vivo, Whisker Assay, Control, Injection